Perspective
Open Access

A unified framework of cell death: Energy interdependence and multimodal interactions in disease pathogenesis

Qilu Yan
Qilu Yan
Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
,
Haoling Zhang
Haoling Zhang
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia.
,
Ting Hu
Ting Hu
huting@smmu.edu.cn
940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 333 Nanbinhe Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
,
Wangzheqi Zhang
Wangzheqi Zhang
zwzq001031@smmu.edu.cn
Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
Address correspondence to
Article notes

Ting Hu, 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 333 Nanbinhe Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China. E-mail: huting@smmu.edu.cn. Wangzheqi Zhang, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: zwzq001031@smmu.edu.cn.


Received November 19, 2025; Accepted November 24, 2025; Published December 3, 2025
Perspective
Open Access
A unified framework of cell death: Energy interdependence and multimodal interactions in disease pathogenesis
Qilu Yan
Qilu Yan
Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
,
Haoling Zhang
Haoling Zhang
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia.
,
Ting Hu
Ting Hu
huting@smmu.edu.cn
940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 333 Nanbinhe Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
,
Wangzheqi Zhang
Wangzheqi Zhang
zwzq001031@smmu.edu.cn
Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
Address correspondence to

Ting Hu, 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 333 Nanbinhe Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China. E-mail: huting@smmu.edu.cn. Wangzheqi Zhang, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: zwzq001031@smmu.edu.cn.


Article notes
Received November 19, 2025; Accepted November 24, 2025; Published December 3, 2025
2025 Dec;3(4):116-121
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Abstract

There are various cell death programs that require energy metabolism, redox balance, and the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum stress axis. These programs do not operate in isolation; they respond to microenvironmental changes. This review summarizes their networked organization and discusses how Adenosine Triphosphate balance, mitochondrial dynamics, and redox control shape death decisions. The paper also discusses how inflammatory signals integrate diverse modes of death, the diagnostic information contained in cross-death biomarkers, and why multi-target approaches are better suited to complex diseases.
Keywords: Cell death, energy metabolism, redox regulation, mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum stress, multitarget interventions
Perioperative Precision Medicine

ISSN: 2957-5443

Volume 3, Issue 4

December 2025

Pages: 116-225

PDF CITE Accesses: 22
Perioperative Precision Medicine
ISSN: 2957-5443
ZENTIME PUBLISHING CORPORATION LIMITED
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